Iterambere rya tekinoroji yo gucukura biterwa ahanini nibikoresho bigenzura. Igenzura rikomeye ni ihuriro rikomeye ryo kubungabunga no kwemeza imikorere myiza yo gucukura ibyondo, kandi ni kimwe mu bigize tekinoroji isanzwe yo gucukura.
Mu gucukura ibyondo, ubunini bwibice bikomeye bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yicyondo nigipimo cyinjira mumashini kirenga microni 15, bingana na 70% yibikomeye byose. Abantu bagerageza kuyikuraho igihe icyo aricyo cyose bakoresheje ibikoresho byubukanishi. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura, ibisabwa mubikorwa byibyondo biri hejuru kandi biri hejuru. Imyitozo yerekanye ko tekinoroji yo kunoza imikorere yicyondo mugucunga ibyondo byateye imbere muburyo bwa tekinoroji yingirakamaro yo gucukura ibyondo, bifitanye isano rya bugufi no guhuza neza amariba no kuzamura umuvuduko wo gucukura. Kugirango utange ibyondo byujuje ubuziranenge byo gucukura, birakenewe kugira urutonde rwibikoresho byuzuye kandi byogusukura ibyondo, aribyo byemezo byo gukomeza imikorere myiza yicyondo.
Icyiciro gikomeye mugucukura amazi nicyondo birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri ukurikije imirimo yabyo: kimwe ningirakamaro icyiciro gikomeye, nka bentonite, imiti ivura imiti, ifu ya barite, nibindi. Ibindi ntacyo bimaze bidafite akamaro, nko gutema gucukura, abakene bentonite, umucanga, nibindi
Ibyo bita icyiciro gikomeye cyo kugenzura amazi yo gucukura ni ugukuraho icyiciro gikomeye cyangiza no kubungabunga icyiciro cyingirakamaro kugirango cyuzuze ibisabwa tekinoloji yo gucukura ku mikorere y’amazi yo gucukura. Mubisanzwe, kugenzura neza amazi yo gucukura byitwa kugenzura gukomeye.
Akamaro ko kugenzura gukomeye karimo kwitabwaho. Byahindutse ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye gucukura umutekano, ubuziranenge kandi bunoze no kurinda ibigega bya peteroli na gaze. Igenzura rikomeye nimwe muburyo bwingenzi bwo kugera kubucukuzi bwiza. Igenzura rikomeye rirashobora gutanga ibyangombwa nkenerwa mu gucukura siyanse. Kugenzura icyiciro gikwiye kirashobora kurinda ikigega cya peteroli na gaze, kugabanya umuvuduko wogucukura no guterana amagambo, kugabanya ihindagurika ryumuvuduko wokunywa kwa annulus, kugabanya amahirwe yo gukomera kwingutu zitandukanye, kunoza umuvuduko wogucukura, kongera ubuzima bwimyitozo, kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho nu miyoboro, kuzamura ubuzima bwibice byugarijwe na sisitemu yo gutembera kwamazi, kongera umutekano w’iriba, kunoza imiterere y’imisozi, kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije, no kugabanya ibiciro by’amazi yo gucukura. Imibare y’ibarurishamibare yerekana ko mu bucucike buke, igipimo cy’imashini gishobora kwiyongeraho hafi 8% kuri buri 1% kugabanuka kubintu bikomeye byamazi yo gucukura (bihwanye no kugabanuka kwa 0.01 mubucucike bwamazi yo gucukura). Birashobora kugaragara ko inyungu zo kugenzura zikomeye ari ngombwa cyane.
Kubaho kw'ibintu bidafite akamaro gakomeye mucyondo nicyo kaga gakomeye ko guhisha kwangiza imikorere y'amazi yo gucukura, kugabanya umuvuduko wo kwinjira kandi biganisha ku ngorane zitandukanye. Mubikorwa byigihe kirekire nubushakashatsi buhoraho, abantu banzuye ko icyiciro gikomeye kidafite akamaro mubyondo bizazana ingaruka zikurikira kumurimo wo gucukura.
Ibintu byinshi bikomeye byibyondo, uburemere bunini bwihariye, hamwe no kwiyongera kwumuvuduko wumuvuduko wo hasi byongera imbaraga zo gufata imbaraga zinkingi yamazi kurutare, ntabwo bifasha gucikamo urutare munsi yumwobo. Ibintu bikomeye byibyondo ni byinshi, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibice byo gucukura buracogora, kandi umubare munini wibice binini byo gutobora ntibishobora gusohoka mu mwobo mugihe cyagenwe, bikaviramo kuvunika inshuro nyinshi gutema urutare na bito, kandi bityo kongera kwambara ibikoresho byo gucukura, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumuvuduko wo gucukura.
Mugihe cyo gucukura, gutakaza amazi hamwe nuduce twinshi twibyondo bizagira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye ubwiza bwa cake yicyondo ikozwe kurukuta. Gutakaza amazi yo gutobora ni bito, cake yicyondo iroroshye kandi irakomeye, kandi kurinda urukuta nibyiza, niyo ntego yacu. Ibintu byinshi bikomeye bizongera amazi yatakaje ibyondo, bizatuma amazi yinjira, kwaguka kwamazi hamwe n’urukuta rudahungabana rwo gushiraho shale, bikaviramo guterura nabi no kugenda, bigatera impanuka mu mwobo. Byongeye kandi, niba umutsima wibyondo ari mwinshi kandi urekuye, bizongera ubuso bwo guhuza hagati yigikoresho cyo gucukura nurukuta rwiriba, bizaviramo byoroshye impanuka zifatika.
Nibintu byinshi bikomeye, niko kwambara imashini ya sisitemu yo kuzenguruka. Ibyondo byinshi bizihutisha kwambara silinderi na piston ya pompe yicyondo, bityo byongere igihe cyo kubungabunga no kugabanya imikorere yo gucukura. Niba ibirimo bikomeye ari byinshi, bizatera kandi umunzani kurukuta rwimbere rwumuyoboro wimyitozo, bigira ingaruka kuburobyi bwumuyoboro wimbere, kandi uhatirwa kuzamura umuyoboro wimyitozo kugirango ukore igipimo, bityo bikabuza imikorere isanzwe. Imikorere yo gucukura nayo izagabanuka cyane kubera kwiyongera kwigihe cyigihe cyo gufasha.
Mugihe cyo gucukura, imikorere yicyondo izahinduka niba ibiti byo gucukura bidakuweho mugihe kuko bihora byinjira mubyondo. Iyo umucanga urimo ibyondo urenze 4%, bifatwa nkimyanda. Igomba gusezererwa igasimbuzwa ibishishwa bishya. Ibyinshi mu byondo ni umuti wa alkaline, kandi gusohora bidatinze ntibizangiza ibimera gusa, ahubwo bizanatera ubutaka bwangiza kandi bigira ingaruka ku bimera bishya. Byongeye kandi, hari inyongeramusaruro mucyondo ituma icyondo kirabura, kandi imyanda myinshi isohoka izatera umwanda ku bidukikije.